QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF JAM FROM TAMARIND AND PINEAPPLE.


QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF JAM FROM TAMARIND AND PINEAPPLE. 

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 Background to the Study  

Velvet tamarind tree is commonly called 'Awin' among the Yorubas, and icheku by igbos. The fruit pulp which is red with a sweet sour,astringent flavour similar to baobab, but sweeter is eaten raw when dry byan and animal (Matsuda, 2006). Velvet tamarind is an important multi purpose agro forestry crop (Nwaoguala et al., 2007). It is made up of two species (Dalium indium or Dalium cochichinense and D. guineense wild ). (Ubbaonu et al., 2005). D. guineense commonly known as African black velvet tamarind, is a large tree found in many parts of Africa, such as West Africa, Central Africa Republic and the Chad. The tree belongs to the family Fabaceae vassal pinion data. It is 30m high, with a densely leafy crown, but often shrubby. The leaves are finely hairy, broadly elliptic, blunt at the apex, leathery and are a sunken midrib. Its flowers appear whitish ans the branches are horizontally spread (Szolnok, 1995).

Fruits are usually circular and flattened, black in colour with stalk 6mm long, a little collar is seen near the apex and a bristle shell encloses one or two seeds embedded in a dry brownish edible pulp. Wild fruits are dietary supplements for rural dwellers in Nigeria during the dry season when fruits are scarce (George Mateljan Foundation 2011). The fruits are used as source of vitamin C, as flavor in snacks and non alcoholic beverages (Effiong et al., 2009; Adame, 2002). Fruits pulps supplies high amount of micro nutrients like sodium, magnesium and potassium. Bark and leaves are used against several diseases such as maria (Effiong and Udo, 2010). Velvet tamarind is a tall, tropical fruit bearing tree which belongs to the leguminosae family that has small and grape sized edible fruits with brown hard inedible shells. It grows in Savannah regions of West Africa and widely spread in Nigeria (Ogungbenle and Ebadan, 2014). The fruit is used as a candy lime snack food in Thailand, often dried, sugar coated and spiced with chillies.

Awin, as this fruit is called by the Yoruba people of Nigeria, has an orange coloured pulp which has a sweet and sour taste and a dry powdery texture. The fruit is also called 'Tsamiyarkum' by the Hausa's (Gbile,1980; Burkill,1985). The fruit is rich in minerals (magnesium, sodium, iron potassium and beta carotene (vitamin A) copper, sugars and tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid and niacin. As anticipated, this fruit also has high levels of antioxidants. The pulp is believed to improve appetite and is used as a gargle for sore throats, dressing of wounds and is said to aid the restoration of sensation in cases of paralysis. The unique sweet sour flavor of the pulpakes it popular in domestic cooking and flavorings. The thirst quenching, refreshing fruit pulp can also be soaked in water and drank as a beverage and also provides chewing sticks, jams and jellies (FAO, 2004.)

1.2 Problem Statement

In Nigeria, velvet tamarind pulp is normally consumed fresh, which could be the reason why at its peak period surplus fruit suffers post harvest losses due to poor handling and weevil infection (CTA, 2012). Hence, there is need to explore an affordable and easily adoptable food processing method that can be used to convert the surplus fruits into shelf stable products like jam which are easy, cheap and economically reliable alternative that will reduce post harvest losses.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The major objectives of the Study is to assess the quality and sensory evaluation of jam produced from tamarind and pineapple. Which is to be achieved through the following specific objectives:

(i) Determination of the proximate, minerals and phytochemical composition of the jam and,

(ii) Microbiological assessment of the jam.

1.4 Research Questions

(1) what is velvet tamarind?

(2) where can it be found ?

(3) what is the nutritional importance of it?

(4) Does it possess medicinal properties?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study gives a clear insight into the potential of tamarind pulp in jam production with a view to improving its utilization efficiency thereby adding value to the tree, encouraging its cultivation and in the long run reduce vitamin C deficiency in individuals.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The research focuses on the quantity assessment and sensory evaluation of jam from velvet tamarind and pineapple in Nigeria.

References

 Adams L (2002). Leaf absorption of mineral nutrients in carnivorous plants stimulates root nutrient uptake. New phytologist 155:89-100.

Burkill HM (1985). A cioabareri (chrysobalanceae). In: the usefulness of plants of West Africa. Published by Royal botanic gardens. P208.

CTA (2012), Going to waste, missed opportunity in the battle to improve food security. CTA Policy Brief, 7.

Effiong GS, Ibia TO, Udofia US (2009). Nutritive and energy value of some wild fruit species in South-Eastern Nigeria. E.J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem. 8: 917-923.

Effiong GS, Udo IF (2010). Nutritive values of four indigenous wild fruits in South eastern Nigeria Electrons J. Environ. Agric Food Chem. 9: 1168-1176.

FAO (2004). Calcium requirements. Food and Agriculture Organization. Organization of United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Gbile ZO (1980). Velvet tamarind (Dalium guineense wild) In: Vernacular names of Nigerian plants. Published by Forestry Research Institute Ibadan. P.13.

George Mateljan Foundation (2011). Vitamin and Mineral. Elsevier Science. Pub. Co. Pp 49-188.

Matsuda R (2006). Feeding ecology of the Mona mo key (Cercopithecus Mona ) in a seasonally dry flooded forest inghe Dhomey gap. Dept.of Anthropology, Graduate center, city University of Network, Network, NY, 10016 (USA IES Conference 2006 ( A velvet Tamarind is an important multipurpose ).

Nwaoguala CNC, Osagbovo AU, Orhue ER (2007). Seed treatment for development of Seedlings of black velvet tamarind (Dalium guineense). Africa. J. Gen. Agric. 3: 49-51.

Ogungbenle HN, Ebadan P (2014). Nutritional qualities and amino acid profile of velvet tamarind pulp. Be. Boomed Bull 2:6-60.

Szolnok TW (1985). Food and fruit trees of Gambia Hamburg. Federal Republic of Germany.

Ubbaonu CN, Onuegbu NC, Banigo EOI, Uzoma A (2005). PHYSICO chemical changes in velvet tamarind during fruit development and ripening Big. Food. J.23:133-137.

 

.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF JAM FROM TAMARIND AND PINEAPPLE.



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.ORG

Researchwap.org is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.org guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.org is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.org" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.