THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THREE TYPES OF MEDICATED SOAPS ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FORM WOULD INFECTIONS


THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THREE TYPES OF MEDICATED SOAPS ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FORM WOULD INFECTIONS

ABSTRACT:   

The antibacterial activity of three type of medicate soap on staphylococcus aureus isolated from wound infections was conducted. Fifty individual with would infection within the age range of 9-73 years were sampled. Swabsticks were used to collect specimens from wound infection. each swabstick was streaked separately over plates of nutrient   and  macconkey agar and later incubated at 370c. out of the fifty (50) individuals sampled 25(50%) were mostly infected with staphylococcus aureus followed by pseudomonas acruginqu (22%)  staphylococcus epidermis (10%) least by Exchericha coli b(12%) The organisms occur within the age range 9-13 years with 8 (16%) followed by 14-18 years 4(8%) next by the age range of 19-23 years 3(6%) followed by 24-28 years with 2(4%) followed 24-28 years with 2(4%) and the heart in the age range are 29-33,34-38,39-43,44-48,49-53,54-58 64-68 with 1(2%) each while there was no isolation in the age range 59-63. The study also revealed that all the staphylococcus aureus isolated were sensitive to the three medicated soap. The means of inhibition was highest in Aleppo medicated soap with 12.92 mm followed by temperate medicated soap with 11.2mm and least in carat medicated soap with 10.56 mm. Also the staphylococcus aureus isolated were also sensitive to the commercial autibutics used as couplers the means zones of inhibition was highest in ampiclox with 12.8 mm followed by gentamyain with 12.04 mm and the heart in penicillin with 10.4 mm. there was a close relationship in the zenes of inhibition between the three medicated soap and the commercial antibiotics used as coconutrels. The result showned that medicated soaps were effective against staphylococcus aureus involved in would infection in humans and  are comparable to commercial antibiotics. There fore medicated soap can be used in cleaning the skin particularly in the affected part of the skin during the time one has hurt or cut on the  skin. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page 

Certification 

Dedication 

Acknowledgment 

Abstract 

Table of contents 

List of table 

CHAPTER ONE 

1.0 Introduction 

1.1 Aims and objectives 

1.2 Statement of the problem 

1.3 Hypothesis 

1.4 Justification of the study 

1.5 Limitation Of The Study 

CHAPTER TWO 

2.0 Literature review 

2.1 Antibacterial activity of soap

2.2 Medical relevance of antimicrobial soap 

2.3 Normal skin microbiota and soap 

CHAPTER THREE 

3.0 Material and methods 

3.1 Materials

3.2 sterilization 

3.2.2 Collection of soap sample 

3.2.3 Preparation of culture media 

3.2.4 Collection of bacterial organisms from would infection

3.2.5 Microbial count, grams stain and microscopic examination 

3.2.6 Biochemical test for identification of isolates 

CHAPTER FOUR 

Result 

CHAPTER FIVE 

Discussion 

CHAPTER SIX 

Conclusion and recommendation 

References 

Appendix

LIST OF TABLE

Age distribution number sampled as well as percentages with staphylococcus aureus and other organisms 

Table 2 

Age distribution as well as percentage of each isolated organisms 

Table 3 

Preliminary identification of bacterial isolates 

Table 4 

Biochemical test carried out for identification of bacterial isolates

Table 5 

Sensitivity test using three medicated soap and three antibiotics indicating their zones of inhibition.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

According to pelage et al (1986) antibacterial activity is the ability to either destroy bacteria or inhibit their growth. This is significant with respects to the human body in preventing sepsis and skin infections. Also Derland (1981) states that medicated soap have the germicidal substance like chloroxyhlenol potassium mercuric iodide, trichlorocarbanlide etc. incorporated into them, in order to enhance their antibacterial activity. These germicide  substance are normally added in a specified amount and percentage of the substance used are always stated on the soapcase or  inside the lesflet which certains the information on how to use the soap for various purposes. 

Anon (1964) states  that soap may be defined as a chemical compound resulting from the interaction of fathy acids oil and caustic soda (alkali) possesing the characteristic soap like properties of detergents, surface tension lowering wetting and emulsifying power and gel formation. All fatty oils and fats. Are mixtures of glycoside compounds (erters) of trihydric alcohol, glycosides and some  fatty acids such as plasmatic acid the chemistry of soap manufacturing may  be expressed the following equation which is know as saponification (Anon (1964).

HzCocoG5H31)3 + Na 0H Naoco15H31 (zH31 + c3H5(oH)3 

Palliation caustic sodium palurtate glycerion 

Soda

Amon (1964) further explain that a bactericidal soap cernirts existentially of the following 0.1 to 3% weight based on the total weight of the soap. 

0 to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the soap in a compound of formular 

R –Co-N1-CH2C00H

CH3 

Here R represents an alkyl or  alkenye group of 8 to carbon atoms. 

According to Johnson (1978) antibacterial  soap may include 2,4,4,trichloro 2,2 hydroxydiphenyl in an amount 0.05 to 5% by weight and at least one phosphorus oxyacid. Phosphorus oxyacid salt phosphoric ester is represented by

 (R1(oCH,CH2)

R2

Where R1 in (8-20 alkyl, R2 is hydrogen or  methyl and is (1-10). R1 is the same group as R2 or H alkali metal and n is H or alkali metal. Such a soap has a wide range of antibacterial activities and marked resistance of discoloration  upon exposure to sunlight (Kaw,1981) another invention relates to an autimicrobial composition consisting of ammoniated zinc sulphate optionally formulated into sufficient formulation and toilet bars. Medicated soap incorporate in their composition germicidal  agent which include hexachlorophene mercuric which trichoran, trichlorocarbaucide .

Sykes (1958) described sterilization as the complete destruction of all living matters. In medical sense, it is often used in a restricted sense to refer to  the destruction of pathogenic organisms only. 

According to William (1979) wound is defined as disruption of cellular and anatomic continuity while its healing is the restoration of continuity.  That biological procen can only be accomplished by regeneration, cell proliferation and collage production which can be alleviated washing the would surface especially with medicated soap which due to its concert of pherolic compound help in keeping off organisms like staphylococcus aureus escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa always from the would to a certain stage. Wound can also result when the operative barrier of the skin is breached  by traumatic invasion or whether it is caused by trauma or internationally by surgery. The open area is susceptible to microbial invasion and once a would has become infected pus form in the injured area resulting to wound abbess. 

Baker et al decried antisepsis as the most convenient way of preventing infection usually by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. And most disinfectant when  suitably diluted have the artixeptic action. Different method are employed for the destruction of bacteria or for getting rid of them and those method can  be conveniently divided into chemical physical and mechanical methods. 

Baker et al (1985) explained that chemical agent function as a sterilizing agent by the following lethal mechanisms 

1. Disruption of the cell membranes 

2. Interfering with  orgymatic systems of the organisms emzyme poison) 

3. Co-aqulation of protein 

4. Oxidation  

1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 

1. To isolate staphylococcus aureus from would infection 

2. To determine the artibacterial activity of three medicated soap on staphylococcus aureus isolated from wound infection.

1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 

Since Dorland (1981) stated that  medicated soaps have germicidal substances like chloroxylenol pothaium, mercuric widide  trichlorocarberihide etc incorporated into them in order to greatly their antibacterial activity. It is therefore necessary to investigate the artibaterial activity of three medicated soap (Asepos carat and temperate) on staphylococcus aureus isolated from wound inflection. 

1.3 HYPOTHESES 

Medicated soap have antibacterial activity 

Medicated soaps have no artibaterial activity. 

1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY 

The result of the project work will indicate the antibacterial activity of medicated soap. And if favourable, then medicated soap can be used for washing the surface of manor wound before the application of further medication 

1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 

The study is limited to three types of medicated soaps which are: 

a. Asepso medicated soap 

b. Carat medicated soap 

c. Tempovate medicated soap 

.

THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THREE TYPES OF MEDICATED SOAPS ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FORM WOULD INFECTIONS



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.ORG

Researchwap.org is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.org guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.org is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.org" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.