DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WOOD LATHE MACHINE


DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WOOD LATHE MACHINE 

ABSTRACT

          This work is an attempt to evolve a quicker and easier method of achieving cylindrical shape object from a work price. This will no double save considerable human labour and time wastage involved in traditional manual method of carving.

To achieve this preliminary experiment was carried out to determine the optimum speed of this machine various design alternatives for achieving the design solution were synthesized and a choice of an economic method which would satisfy the objective was made. Based on the principles guiding the performance of the machine, the dimensions and sizes of the various components were established.

Appropriate materials were subsequently selected and fabricated to required sizes. The machine was then assembled and tested.

After testing, it was found to perform efficiently thus satisfying the objective for which it was designed.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.    Introduction

1.1    Objectives

1.    Literature Review

2.    Trend in Lather Machine

3.    Dimensions and Specifications

4.    Statement of Problems

5.    Purpose of Study

6.    Scope of Work

CHAPTER TWO

2.    Synthesis of Solutions

2.1    Theory and Analysis of Problems

1.    Materials Selection

CHAPTER THREE

3.    Assembly Procedure

3.1    Testing and Evaluation

1.    Operational/Safety Guide

2.    General Maintenance

CHAPTER FOUR

4.    Cost Analysis 

4.1    Material Cost

1.    Labour Cost

2.    Overhead Cost

3.    Summary of Costs

CHAPTER FIVE

5.    Conclusion

5.1    Recommendation

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.    INTRODUCTION

In recent times, the demand for interior decorations and cylindrical objects has been on the increase from the furniture and boundary industries. With it, comes the choice of various designs and models. In order to meet up with the increasing demand of the industries led to the design of a good number of machines that can be used by the craftsman to create different wood designs, amongst which is the wood lather machine.

1.1    OBJECTIVES

    Apart from putting into practical the theoretical knowledge acquired from the class room, the main objectives of the project are:

a)    To use available local materials in fabrication.

b)    To achieve a reduction in the cost of production of the machine.

c)    To reduce the labour cost and time spent on using hand tools for wood dressing.

d)    To create awareness for, and encouragement of indigenous technology.

e)    Increase productivity and creativity.

The vital need for the fabrication of a wood lathe is significant in the much delay and time as well as energy wasted in using simple hand took to carry out operations moreover, the cost of importation of a lather machine, is too high for average user.

Similar to the use of other machine tools, the wood lathes machine will help to reduce cost, save labour time and consequently increase the rate of production and craftsman’s skill. It is also important to explore the design of machines to improve on the ones already in existence.

By the early middle age the lathe is still driven by a cord, the new lathe used the tension of a bent tree branch or cut pole to provide a stronger and more convenient way of furring coordinated with the pole was a treadle, which pulled down on the cord wrapped around the work itself, or on a spindle attached to the work. The treadle regulates the speed at which the piece turned. This arrangement displeased with the need for an assistant. The troublesome feature of the early lathers that the pole and treadle system did not address was the need for continuous motion. 

The search for a lather that would turn in only one direction probably ended in the fifteenth century, when the lathers powered by cranked flywheels and giant wheels powered by hand foot horse, and even water were invented, Leonardo a Vinci was one of the many inventors who designed the early continuous drive lather. However, today, wood lather machined are powered by an electric motor which provide the continuous motion needed.

Although, wood lathe machines are made from metal steel, iron etc.

1.    LITERATURE REVIEW

Traditionally, it was thought that the ancient Egyptians introduced lather turning. Perhaps as much as 4,000 years ago. Despite a lack of hard evidence, it was assumed that a civilized nation as advanced as Egypt’s – is known to develop the Potter’s  wheel and bow drill – possessed the technical know – how and skill to have made the invention of the lathe inevitable. Instead, scholars now believe that the lathe was invented around a thousand years B.C., and that its development may have occurred simultaneously among the Etrusians in Italy, the Celts in Great Britain, and the inhabitants of the Crimea. By the second century B.C., the lather was known to most of the people of the Near East and Europe. Originally, the lather was vertically oriented, like the Potter’s wheel. In the case of farning, the lather was eventually mounted on a table France, to be used mainly in a standing position. Virtually all early lathes were powered by cord and required that a helper assist the Craftsman and Non- metal (Hard wood). Those the frame made of wood are faced with the problem of durability and the ability to withstand shock.

However, the major problems that are prevalent with the existing lathes are:

1.    Retching and vibration which translates into the spindle and bindweed thereby making it impossible to reduce anything accurately.

2.    Base not rigid or heavy enough.

3.    tai/stock base do not lock down well enough and operators often retightening it.      

4.    Tool rest do not lock down well enough.

Finally, as the furniture and founding industries demand for cylindrical object increases, the need for effective, economical and efficient lathe arise. To meet up with the industrial demand and combat the problems found in the existing wood lathe machines, hence the embarkment of this project.    

5.    TREND IN LATHE MACHINE FABRICATION

The emergence of the lathe machine dated back to some thousand years B.C., but it gained popularity between sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Then opticians used it for cutting lenses, used in the construction of astronomical Telescopes. They modified the relatively rough technique for special purposes. Artisans and furniture makers used the large lathes in turning fancy works, though the frames were made of wood and headstock depending on the work being done.

Discussed below are some related lathe machines:

A)    CENTRE LATHE MACHINE

    The centre lathe is used to machine metals, by rotating the work piece mounted between centers against a cutting tool. The tool can be fed both transversely and longitudinally with respect to the turning axis of the job. The tool can be operated manually of automatically and many shapes as well as different works can be carried out on the centre lathe such work as cylindrical, eccentric or conical shapes can be machined. Also done on the centre lathe are threading and boring operations.

B)    CERAMIC LATHE MACHINE

    The ceramic lathe is used for ceramic machining alone, though the operation is similar to that of the centre lathe.

C)    WOOD LATHE

    The wood lathe, just like other types of lathe, can be used to carry out a wide range of machining operations. It saves time and does not need much skill as in the use of hand tools.

1.    DIMENSIONS AND SPECIFICATIONS

Below are the dimensions and specification as regards the fabrication of the wood lathe machine.

1.    Total length of the machine         1680mm

2.    Total height of the machine         1200mm

3.    With of the machine             240mm

4.    The electric motor               

    Rpm                                2820rpm

    Horse power capacity                 3hp

    Power                             2.2KW

    Frequency                        50Hz

    Voltage                             240V

    Current                             8.9/49A

5.    The space between the bed rails        140mm

6.    Diameter of the headstock pulley     137mm

7.    Diameter of electric motor’s pulley    98mm

8.    With of tailstock                    240mm

9.    V – belt                             A-56

10.    Maximum length of work piece         1100mm

11.    Minimum length of work piece         300mm

13.    Maximum diameter of work piece        300mm

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

    To improve the existing wood lathe machine so that the output is increase and operator fatigue is reduce.

CONDITION OF USE

    Lathe to be used in workshop environment, it must be able to withstand mechanical vibration.

PERFORMANCE

    Operation to be no noisier than when manually turned. Wood lather to be capable of an output higher than currently achieved in the existing once. The machine is to be operated continuously for a period of 8hours in a workshop environment without need for any attention.

CAPACITY

    The machine capacity is the distance between centers and the swing which are the two basic measurement of capacity for lathe. The distance between centers is the maximum length of wood you can turn between the headstock and the tailstock. While the swing determines the diameter of the jobs that can be turned over the bed.     

RELIABILITY AND LIFE

    The machine must be sufficiently reliable compare with the existing once. Life expectancy for full loading at 8hours per day must exceed 20years.

1.    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The continuous guest to have the problems of man and his growing needs solved has led to the establishment of factories and other industries, which necessitates an intermediate technology. However, simple hand tools that were in used before are no longer efficient for mass production. In the same manner the importation f wood lathe machine as a substitute for these tools, likewise has failed to meet man’s insatiable economy.

Then, there comes the need for urgent attention to a better and locally made wood lathe machine.

1.    PURPOSE OF STUDY

The design and fabrication of wood lathe machine aims among other things at a maximum justification of a simple way of scraping and cutting off wood at its best quality at a minimum cost of labour, so that the financial burden of people can be reduced.

The simple design and construction of the machine, makes it viable reliable, and easy to carry out maintenance services at minimum bearable cost.

1.    SCOPE OF WORK

Essentially, the machine comprises the frame made of metal, with the headstock fixed in position; the tailstock moves along the bed of the machine, and the tool rest mounted on a cross slide which can be moved both longitudinally and transversely on the bed. It is located between the headstock and the tailstock.

In operations, the machine is limited to only a turning and cutting of any type of wood. Drilling operations cannot be performed on the machine.   

.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WOOD LATHE MACHINE



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.ORG

Researchwap.org is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.org guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.org is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.org" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.