EFFECT OF HUMAN RELATIONS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY


EFFECT OF HUMAN RELATIONS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY  

ABSTRACT

The study was designed to find out the “Effect of Human Relations on Organizational Productivity in IMF , Uyo. To provide a theoretical base for the study, a review was made on the concept of human relations, development of human relations, importance of human relations in an organization as well as the qualities and principles of a good human relations practice. A sample size of 50 respondents from a population of 500, comprising of top, middle and low level management was used. A set of questionnaire which was divided into 5 variables was used to obtain data from the respondents; the use of mean score which is 3.00 as cut off point was utilized. One of the research questions asked was whether human relations is instrumental to the attainment of organizational goal. The researcher collected data and interpreted them after which chi-square was used to test the earlier stated hypothesis. Lastly, summary, conclusion and recommendations were made. One of the recommendations made was that managers should maintain good human relations so that goals can be achieved. Findings from the study revealed that the relationship that exists among workers in organization, the effectiveness of human relations in an organization can enhance workers productivity, employees morale can be boosted on the job when there is a cordial relationship between the organization and its employees, and good human relations enhances job satisfaction in achieving organizational goals. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that, low level workers should strive to perform better, to justify the good human relations and motivation existing in the organization, management staff and other senior workers in the organization should create conducive atmosphere to facilitate good human relations and teamwork for greater productivity. Also the organization should educate their workers on the importance of good human relations through workshops and seminars.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page - - - - - - - - - - i

Declaration - - - - - - - - - ii

Approval Page - - - - - - - - - iii

Dedication - - - - - - - - - - iv

Acknowledgment - - - - - - - - v

Abstract - - - - - - - - - - vi

Table of Content - - - - - - - - - vii

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study - - - - - - 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem - - - - - - 3

1.3 Objective of the Study - - - - - - - 4

1.4 Statement of Hypothesis - - - - - - 5

1.5 Significance of the Study - - - - - - 5

1.6 Scope of the Study - - - - - - - 6

1.7 Limitations of the Study - - - - - - 7

1.8 Historical Background of the Case Study - - - 7

1.9 Definition of Terms - - - - - - - 17

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Conceptual Meanings of Human Relations - - - 19

2.2 Development of Human Relations - - - - 21

2.3 Hawthorne Studies and Human Relations - - - 23

2.4 Importance of the Hawthorne Experiment - - - 29

2.5 Human Relations in an Organization - - - - 34

2.6 Qualities of Good Human Relations Practice 

in an Organization - - - - - - - 40

2.7 Principles of Good Human Relations Practice

in an Organization-------41

CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design - - - - - - - 46

3.2 Research Population - - - - - - - 46

3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Technique - - - - 46

3.4 Methods of Gathering Data - - - - - - 47

3.5 Justification for the Method Used - - - - 47

3.6Methods of Data Analysis------48

3.7Justification for the Instrument Used----49

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1Data Presentation and Analysis-----50

4.2 Test of Hypothesis - - - - - - - 62

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND  RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary of Findings - - - - - - - 65

5.2Conclusion---------66

5.3 Recommendations - - - - - - - 67

References - - - - - - - - - 69

Appendix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The practice of Human Resource Management in its quest towards achieving success through people utilizes array of activities concerned with all aspects of how people are employed and managed in organizations. This approach tends to understand how psychological and social processes interacts with the work situation to influence performance. Human Relations is the first major approach to emphasis information work relationship and work satisfaction. Thus, Ezinwa and Agomon (1993) asserted that human relations encompasses the art and practice of using systematic knowledge of human behaviour to achieve organization and personal objectives. Organizations are made up of individuals, the immediate environment and the public that contributes to the success or failure of the organization.

Onasanya (1990) in similar vain believes that human relations, being a behavoural science which deals with inter-personal, inter-work group and management of employees relationship in a social system seems to be the only tool for organizational productivity and development. The reason is not far fetched since efforts of Elton Mayo and his research colleagues in the 1920s on behavioural approach to management succeeded to have yielded much more factual analysis in terms of the chicken-egg relationship between human relations and productivity in an organization.

Hicks and Byers (1982) in their contributions defined human relations as “the integration of people into a work situation in a way that motivates them to work together, productively and cooperatively with economic, psychological and social satisfaction”. This further confirms that paying attention to the human elements enhances greater productivity and performance.

Human relations is a definitive management function which helps to establish and maintain mutual line of communication, understanding, acceptance and cooperation between an organization and its human. It involves the management to keep opinions, defines, and as well emphasizes the responsibility of management to serve the human interest.

However, human relations has long attained professional status but it has been discovered that most organizations are not taking full advantage of its efficient utilization when dealing with their publics due to ignorance or improper understanding as to the effectiveness of the discipline to organizational success. Thus effect the need for this study in order to highlight the effect of human relations practice on organizational productivity.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

Inspite of the glaring importance of human relations in the realization of organizational goals, one still hears complaint of poor performance of both employees and employers in the organization even till this day. Beside, employees can resign from their appointments as a result of executive’s harshness and autocracy, employees having their appointment terminated due to poor performance or failure to perform, the organization may fold up because of low productivity, poor employees and employers relationship, inability to meet the organization’s set targets or mismanagement.

It is as a result of these trends that make it necessary for this study to address the following questions:

How effective is the practice of Human Relations system to the attainment of organizational goals?

Does Human Relations has any impact on worker’s performance?

Does Human Relations determine employees retention in the organization?

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study is intended to:

i) Find out the effects of human relations’ practice towards  the achievement of organizational goals.

ii) Examine whether human relations has an impact on worker’s performance.

iii) Establish whether human relations is determinant of employees retention in the organization.

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE HYPOTHESIS

The following hypothesis are formulated for this study:

H0: Human Relations does not have effect on workers’ productivity.

H1: Human Relations have effect on workers’ productivity.

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

In view of the constant struggle by the organizations to balance both the employee’s needs and the organizational needs for the effective actualization of set goals, it is expected that the study would be of good benefits to executives, managers, future business establishment and future researchers. Similarly, the study will help organizations to improve on implementing human relations policies so as to enable them control problems facing them from such angle.

Infact, it will serve as eye-opener to most organizations who are yet to embrace the system, thereby enlighten workers (industrial and groups) about the concept of human relations and the effect on productivity. It is hoped that the study would also help executives to improve on the need for good human relations with workers and clients to improve the organization’s performance.

In addition, the adoption of this new approach to firm’s advancement will improve employees performance, productivity, efficiency as well as employees attitude to work.

Furthermore, the study will also be of help to those who may want to research into the area by serving as a reference material for future investigation.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This study centres on the effect of Human Relations on organizational productivity using IMF, Uyo as a case study. The study covers sizeable staff of the institute drawn from the various cadre of management (form top management to subordinates) in order to ensure a more comprehensive and detail examination. The staff includes both the male and female sex of different ages and level of service.

1.4 LIMITAITONS OF THE STUDY

The following problems affect the effective conduct of this study:

Time: Although the time for the study is quite long, but academic demand such as preparation for tests, assignments and paper presentations took a lot of time for one to go out and source for information.

Financial Constraint: This was another limitation which made it uneasy for the materials to be easily assessed at the appropriate time.

Bureaucratic Bottle-Neck: In addition, stringent rules and regulations guiding the release of information in the institute  made it almost impossible for one to obtained details about the organization.

1.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Organization: The interaction of two or more people within some mutually recognized power relationship for some common purpose, be it formal or informal.

Productivity: A measure of how efficiently resources are used as input to bring output in goods and services with minimum time cost.

Employee: A person engaged in an employment under appointment and receives a reward in return for services rendered.

Group: A collection of individuals who share a sense of common identity contributing towards the achievement of a common goal.

Human Relations: A behavioural management approach that attempt to understand and explain how psychological and social process interacts with formal aspect of the work situation to influence performance.

Consultation: A planned effort of effective enquiry which seeks to establish improved understanding between both management and employees.

Conflict: A state of disagreement between individuals or group against another person or organization which resulted from a clash of interest.

Values: These are believes in what is best or good for the organization and what should or ought to happen.

Grapevine: Unofficial means of leaking confidential information to achieve favour from people in organization. 

.

EFFECT OF HUMAN RELATIONS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.ORG

Researchwap.org is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.org guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.org is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.org" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.