KNOWLEDGE OF THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS


KNOWLEDGE OF THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS  

ABSTRACT

This study aimed at ascertaining the causes and consequences of sexually transmitted infections among secondary school students in Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State. Both primary and secondary data were used in the collection of data. Considering the nature and purpose of this research work, four research questions were formulated to guide the study. In order to come up with realistic information, stratified random sampling techniques were chosen through which 365 sample size were selected using Taro Yamane analytical procedure since the total population (4190) of the study were known and below 10,000.  Data analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics of simple percentage and frequency. The study finds out among other things that Secondary schools students in Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State do not have knowledge of the preventive measures of sexually transmitted infections. Cursory looks into all of the afore-mentioned lead to the recommendation that Health Educator should organize seminars, conferences, workshop to educate secondary school students to abstain from sexual intercourse or maintain one sex partners to avoid the risk of contracting the infection.

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study

Sexually Transmitted

Diseases Aka, viral diseases and sometimes referred to as

sexually transmitted

infections are conditions that involve the transmission of an infectious organism between sex partners. More than 20 different STIs have been identified (Lucas and Gilles, 2010).

Adolescents, defined by the World Health Organization as persons between 10 and 19 years of age, constitute about 20% of the world’s population (World Health Organization., 2004). In Nigeria, as in other parts of the world, adolescents constitute a significant proportion of the population. Estimates from the 1991 census indicate that adolescents and young adults, aged between 15-24 years account for approximately 20.4% of the Nigerian population (National Population Commission., 2005). Studies also revealed that over 90% of adolescents and young adults have become sexually active by the age of 20years in Nigeria, with a large proportion of these occurring with casual and non-conjugal relationships, thereby increasing their vulnerability to several sexual and reproductive problems (Onwuezobe, 2013). Emerging data about the high incidence of sexual activity among adolescents suggest that factors that influence this include, socio- economic deprivations, parental inadequacies, peer pressure, effects of cultural changes and modernization and media influence (Ajuwon, Olley, Akin-Jimoh and Akintola, 2008).

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are spread primarily through person-to-person sexual contact. There are more than 30 different sexually transmissible bacteria, viruses and parasites with the most common ones being Gonorrhea, Chlamydia infection, Syphilis, Trichomoniasis, Canchroids, Granuloma inguinale, Candidiasis, Genital herpes, Genital warts, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Hepatitis B infection (Balogun, 2014). Several, in particular HIV and syphilis, can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy and childbirth, and through blood products and tissue transfer. The clinical features of these diseases are varied with many being asymptomatic. On the other hand, HIV/AIDS may be accompanied by symptoms such as fever, weight loss, chronic diarrhoea, skin rash and other non-specific symptoms (World Health Organization., 2012). STIs including HIV/AIDS have been reported to be disproportionately high among young people in Nigeria. The report reveals that about 50% of new HIV infections in Nigeria occur in people between 15-25 years of age (Da Ros, 2014). A deluge of intervention activities that focus on increasing awareness and encouraging changes in behaviour have been put in place. However, there is evidence that many still lack adequate information about STIs and HIV/AIDS (National Intelligence Council, 2015).

In the 2013 National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS), respondents who had ever had sexual intercourse were asked if in the past 12.months they experienced a disease acquired through sexual contact or if they experienced either of two symptoms associated with STIs: a bad-smelling, abnormal discharge from the vaginal or a penis or a genital sore or ulcer. The results showed the self-reported prevalence of STIs and STI symptoms among women and men. Overall, 8 per cent of women and 4 per cent of men reported having had an STI or experiencing STI symptoms during the 12 months preceding the survey.

       Four per cent of women reported having an STI; 6 per cent had a bad-smelling, abnormal discharge, and 3 per cent had a genital sore or ulcer. The prevalence of STIs and STI symptoms is highest among never-married women (15 per cent). Women in urban areas are slightly more likely than women in rural areas to have had an STI or STI symptoms. The prevalence of STIs or STI symptoms among women is higher in the South East (15 per cent) than in other zones. It is of interest that one in three women (32percent) in Kaduna reported having an STI or STI symptoms. Women who have attended school are more than twice as likely to report STIs or STI symptoms as women with no education. Among men, 2 per cent reported having an STI in the past 12 months; 2 per cent had a bad-smelling, abnormal discharge, and 1 per cent had a genital sore or ulcer. The highest prevalence of self-reported. STIs or STI symptoms among men (14 per cent) was recorded in Zamfara and Imo.

In Ebonyi State, the number of females who ever had sexual intercourse was 900 according to the 2013 NDHS. Out of this number, 7.7 % reported having STIs, 17% reported having or experiencing bad-smelling/ abnormal genital discharge, 2.3% reported STI/abnormal discharge from penis/ sore or ulcer. Also, 269 were the numbers of young men who ever had sexual intercourse, out of this, 0.6% reported having Genital sore/ulcer while 2.3% reported having STI/ abnormal discharge from penis/sore or ulcer (National Demographic Health Survey, 2013).

Statement of the Problem

The declining age of first sexual intercourse has been proffered as one possible explanation for the increase in numbers of STIs. Nigeria recently passed a bill that allows minors of age 11 and above to be regarded as sexually active, and as such, can start engaging in active sex at age, 11 years. The ugly trend can pose a lot of problem to sexuality and patterns of sexual dispositions to the adolescents, adults and the married. This is because there is already a daunting task of reducing to the minimum, the prevalence and epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Disease.

Female sexual organs are vulnerable to infections by sexually transmitted pathogens, people are not interested in using contraceptives, and some of the contraceptives do not protect one against STD but pregnancies only. Some people don’t even see themselves as being on the risk of contracting STIs.

The deadly problem of STIs is on the increase but people seem not to take cognizant of this, maybe, due to lack of knowledge or its awareness. Some of the STIs include HIV/AID, Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, Syphilis and Human Papillomavirus (HPV). STD is strongly linked with premature rupture of membranes, premature labour, low birth weight, stillbirth, postpartum endometritis, post-caesarean section endometritis and neonatal bacteraemia.

Whereas there is increasing success in preventing and controlling gonorrhoea and syphilis, other STIs (such as herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus and HIV) for which no cure is available are gaining prominence. These STIs have devastating effects on the capacity to reproduce, perinatal infection rates and incidence of genital cancers.

It is premised on the aforementioned ugly morbidity trends that the researcher seeks to know the causes and consequences of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in      Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State.

Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study was to find out the causes and consequences of sexually transmitted infections among secondary school students in Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State. Specifically, the study sought to determine

1)  Whether secondary school students in  Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State have knowledge of the causes of sexually transmitted infections

2)  Whether secondary school students in Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State have knowledge on the source of information about sexually transmitted infections

3)  Whether secondary school students in Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State have knowledge of the  consequences of sexually transmitted infections

4)  Whether secondary school students in Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State have knowledge of the preventive measures of sexually transmitted infections.

Significance of the Study

        Ebonyi State is predominantly rural with a high percentage of illiteracy and battling with the problem of sexuality, which resulted in the heated campaign in both secondary and tertiary level, for the introduction of sex education into secondary schools. An evaluation of the impact of the campaign is outside the purview of this study, but the campaign (and its promoters, the government) could benefit from this research in terms of identifying and providing an understanding of a potential variable that may significantly relate to the causes and consequences of STIs it seeks to address, which will also point to relevant policy direction.

The findings will, hopefully, inform the government and other employers on policies and programmes that would have practical relevance to sexually transmitted diseases.

Importantly, this research will expose the researcher to a greater understanding of sexually transmitted diseases; and count towards her earning a BSc. degree in Health Education and developing a career in the discipline. This study will also contribute to the literature on sexually transmitted diseases, and serve as reference material for future researchers.

Scope of the Study

This study was delimited to the knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases among secondary school students in Abakaliki LG.A. of Ebonyi State. The study also examined the sign and symptoms, causes, consequences and preventive measures as a variable under study.

Research Questions

The following research questions are posed to guide the study:

(1)        Do secondary school students in Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State have knowledge of the causes of sexually transmitted infections?

(2)        Do secondary school students in Abakaliki LGA of Ebonyi State have knowledge of the sources of information about STIs?

(3)        Do secondary school students in Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State have knowledge of the consequences of sexually transmitted infections? 

(4)        Do secondary school students in Abakaliki L.G.A of Ebonyi State have knowledge of the preventive measures of sexually transmitted infections? 

.

KNOWLEDGE OF THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.ORG

Researchwap.org is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.org guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.org is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.org" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.