AN INVESTIGATION INTO WATER DEMAND AND DISTRIBUTION IN ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT (A CASE STUDY OF EGBEJILA)


AN INVESTIGATION INTO WATER DEMAND AND DISTRIBUTION IN ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT (A CASE STUDY OF EGBEJILA)  

ABSTRACT

This project work examined the water demand and supply in Egbejila area of Ilorin west local government, Kwara State. The three main users of water focused upon in the study area are residential, commercial (block industry, hair salon, food canteen) and agricultural water use. Also, the three main sources of water available to the users i.e. borehole, pipe borne water and well water supplies were investigated to determine the effectiveness of these sources of water in meeting up with the demands of the various group of users. 

Questionnaires were administered to the users in which residential water use was the highest, followed by commercial and agriculture to determine their level of consumption of water and how their various sources of water have been able to meet up with the daily demands. It was determined that the three sources of water meet up with the daily demands of the various users in the study area. Although supply of water seems to meet up with the demand but more jobs have to be done by the ministry of works and water corporation on pipe borne water supply in term of its availability and repair of distribution system appurtenances ( i.e. various devices installed along the distribution system).

TABLE OF CONTENT

Content Page No

Title page         i

Certification        ii

Dedication        iii

Acknowledgement      iv-v

Abstract        vi

Table of contents     vii-viii

List of tables       ix

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction     1-3

1.1 Statement of the problem      4

1.2 Aim and Objectives      4

1.3 Justification of the study             5

1.4 Scope and Limitation of the study      5

1.5 Description of the study area      6

1.6 Methodology      7

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature Review 8-15

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Methodology                     16

3.1 Reconnaissance Survey 16

3.2 Water Situation in Egbejila 16-17

3.3 Sources of water Supply in Egbejila       17

3.4 Data Collection Instrument Used 17

3.5 Questionnaire Distributed       17-18

3.6 Oral Interview at Water Works 18

3.7 Limitation of the Methodology 18-19

3.8 Element of a Public Water Supply 19

3.9 Factors Affecting Use of Water 19

3.10 Characteristics of Population 19-20

3.11 Climatic Condition       20

3.12 Living Standard 20

3.13 Procedure for processing and analyzing data 21

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Results and Discussion

4.1 Results       22-34

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Conclusion 35-36

5.2 Recommendations 36

References 37-39

Appendix 40-46

LIST OF TABLES

Table 4.1: Age group of respondents in egbejila

Table 4.1: Sample population of the respondents/each areas

Table 4.2: Water demand in each studied area

Table 4.3: Activities involving use of water in the studied areas

Table 4.4 Rate of water consumption per day

Table 4.5: Sources of water in studied areas

Table 4.6: Percentage analysis of the farmers in each area studied

Table 4.7: Type of farming activities in the studied areas

Table 4.8: Plots of land for farming activities

Table 4.9: Water demand for agricultural purpose

Table 4.10: Sources of water supply

Table 4.11: Commercial centres sampled in the studied area

Table 4.12: Rate of water demand from commercial centres

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

       Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. Its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state (water vapor or steam). Water covers 70.9% of the earth's surface, and is vital for all known forms of life on earth, it is found mostly in oceans and other large water bodies, with 1.6% of water below ground in aquifers and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid and liquid water particles suspended in air), and precipitation. Oceans hold 97% of surface water, glaciers and polar ice caps 2.4%, and other land surface water such as rivers, lakes and ponds 0.6%. A very small amount of the earth's water is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products.

The importance of water to man cannot be over emphasized. It holds the most important benefit to man’s sustenance besides shelter, food and clothing (Ajadi, 1996). It is recognized all over the world that water is a vital resource for human existence and it is a major factor in commanding the progress of civilization. Nigeria is experiencing an increase in the rate of change in population growth coupled with increased urbanization and living standards. Thus, the increasing needs for domestic water and other uses, places an increasing demand on its water resources.

Water is very vital, resources is not in short supply in Nigeria and Ilorin in particular, but regulating its availability and ensuring even distributions is always a serious problem, (sule, et al., 1999). However, the quantity of portable water available for human consumption has been receiving attention. Two extreme views have often been expressed regarding availability of water to man. One view believes that man is in his critical period in water consumption, and that demand is overtaking supply. The other view is that water is sufficiently available all the time everywhere worldwide. Both views may be acceptable in terms of water resources availability across the geographical space. For instance, Sule and Okeola(2010) studied the performance assessment of a regional water supply arrangement in Kwara State, Nigeria. Ghali, (1992), Glieck (1996), Sule et al.,(2000), Shabam and Sharman (1981) and Oyegun (1983) studied water resources development in Kwara State and found out that increasing urbanization, population and ineffective management of water resources have been leading to water crisis.

The conventional practices of planning, designing and managing water systems require regular reviews and adjustment. For effective service delivery, many studies have been carried out in area of water supply management in developing countries. In a study conducted by Akinola and Areola (1980) in Ibadan, Nigeria, the basic per capital consumption for planned residential areas was found out to be 89 liters per day; this demand is however suppressed because of intermittent pumping. Water consumption varies from one area to another depending on socio-economic standard of the people, the level of education and development, nature of prevailing climate, the hygienic characteristics of the people, level of provision of sanitation facilities and general sanitary habits of the people. However, it is generally agreed that a minimum of 501/c/d is needed by an individual to satisfy his basic needs irrespective of socio-cultural background. Ilorin like many other cities in Nigeria does not have accurate water demand and distribution data that could be used for the design and improvement of the water distribution system.

Water is not only a vital environmental factor to all forms of life, but it also has a great role to play in socio-economic development of human population. it was in recognition of this that the 34TH World Health Assembly in 1981 made a resolution emphasizing that safe drinking of water is a basic element of “Primary Health Care” which is the key to the attainment of health of citizens of the world.                        

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Water is very important in mans day to day activities ,the use of water cannot be overlooked as it is used by both men and women, old and young.

The problems people in Ilorin west local government area faced will be critically looked into so as to investigate the causes and provide adequate solutions to the problems like:-

(1) Poor water storage infrastructure

(2) Poor piping network

(3) Topography of the area

(4) Vandalization of water network/distribution system

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this study is to investigate into the demand and distribution of water in Ilorin west local government 

The specific objectives are

(1)   To determine the various sources of water available in the study area.

(ii)  To examine the effectiveness of the various sources of water in meeting the needs of the various uses in the study area.

(iii) To look into the distribution of water in the study area.

1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

It is important to recognize the significance of water and its fundamental contribution to sustainable development. Water has strong linkages to the three pillars of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental. Its main contribution to socio-economic. Well–being is through its use in agriculture. Water for food production can improve poor people’s livelihoods and economic well-being through irrigation, industrial use and power generation. To this end, it effective management is essential both to reduce the vulnerability of poor people and achieve environment sustainability- through sustainable levels of abstraction, the preservation of bio-diversity, water shed management and control of pollution (Foster, et. Al, 2000, Klein, 1996, World Bank 1992; Dinar, et. al, 1997).

1.4 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 

This study was confined to the Ilorin west local government and its environs in which the users of water were selected based on the various sources of water they make use of. This project work was limited to determining the efficiency of the various sources of water in meeting the demands of various consumers and provision of solution in cases where the demand exceeds the distribution.

1.5 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

Ilorin west is a local government area in Kwara state, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of oja oba. It has an area of 105km and a population of 364,666 at the 2006 census.

Asa river basin which lies within Asa and Ilorin west local government in kwara state is located at the boundary of the state at the southern part of the state and it is surrounded by Moro local government of the north, Oyun and Offa local government to the south and Ilorin west local government to the east. The study area lies between latitude 40 12’N and 40 29’N and longitudes 80 7’E and 80 42’E with an area of 5036.625km2

1.6 METHODOLOGY

(1) Performed the reconnaissance survey of the study area.

Determination of the various sources of water in the area such as well, pipe borne water and bore hole.

Determination of various consumers of water in the area such as households, commercial/industrial in Ilorin west local government. 

(2) Questionnaire

(3) Oral interview at water works

.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO WATER DEMAND AND DISTRIBUTION IN ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT (A CASE STUDY OF EGBEJILA)



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.ORG

Researchwap.org is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.org guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.org is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.org" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.