ROLE OF REMITTANCE ON FAMILY COHESION


ROLE OF REMITTANCE ON FAMILY COHESION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page---------

Approval Page--------

Declaration--------

Dedication---------

Acknowledgement-------

Abstract---------

Table of Contents-------

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Study-----

1.2Statement of the Problem----

1.3Objectives of the Study------

1.4Research Questions------

1.5Research Hypothesis------

1.6Significance of the Study-----

1.7Scope of the Study------

1.8 Limitations of the Study - - - - -

1.9Definition of Terms------

CHAPTER TWO – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1Introduction-------

2.2Theoretical Framework-----

2.3Conceptual Framework-----

2.4 Empirical Review - - - - - -

CHAPTER THREE – RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1Introduction-------

3.2Research Design------

3.3Population of Study------

3.4Sample size and Sampling Techniques---

3.5Method of Data Collection-----

3.6 Research Instrument

3.7Validity of the Instrument-----

3.8Reliability of the Instrument----

3.9Sampling Method------

CHAPTER FOUR – DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1Introduction-------

4.2Data Presentation and Analysis----

4.3Testing Hypothesis------

CHAPTER FIVE – SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1Summary--------

5.2Conclusion--------

5.3Recommendations------

References --------

Appendix - - - - - - - -

 CHAPTER ONE:

 Introduction - 

A remittance is a transfer of money by a foreign worker to an individual in his or her home country. Money sent home by migrants competes with international aid as one of the largest financial inflows to developing countries. Workers' remittances are a significant part of international capital flows, especially with regard to labor-exporting countries. In 2014, $436 billion went to developing countries, setting a new record. Overall global remittances totaled $582 billion in 2015. Some countries, such as India and China, receive tens of billions of US dollars in remittances each year from their expatriates. In 2014, India received an estimated $70 billion and China an estimated $64 billion.Remittances are playing an increasingly large role in the economies of many countries. They contribute to economic growth and to the livelihoods of less prosperous people (though generally not the poorest of the poor). According to World Bank estimates, remittances will total US$585.1 billion in 2016, of which US$442 billion went to developing countries that involved 250 million migrant workers. For some individual recipient countries, remittances can be as high as a third of their GDP.

1.1            Background of the Study

As early as the 1930's, the family Olson (1993) provided perhaps the clearest definition of cohesion. He stated, “Family cohesion is defined as the emotional bonding that family members have toward one another” (p. 105). Epstein, Bishop, and Levin’s theory (1978) also used the terms “emotional bonding”, but they labeled this dimension as affective involvement. Hampson and Beavers (1993) expected family members to have “empathy for each other’s feelings, interest in what each other has to say and expectation of being understood” (p. 83). Similarly, Moos and Moos (1981) conceptualized cohesion to include the degree of commitment, help, and support family members provide for one another.

Olson (1993) stated, “specific concepts or variables that can be used to diagnose and measure the family cohesion dimensions are: emotional bonding, boundaries, coalitions, time, space, friends, decision-making, and interests and recreation” (p. 105). The terms “boundaries” and “coalitions” need more explanation. Minuchin (1974), like Olson (1993), used the term “boundaries”, which he defined as “the rules defining who participates [in the family or small groups within the family] and how” (p. 54). Epstein and his colleagues (1993) used the term “behavior control”, which had a very similar

definition to “boundaries”. They defined “behavior control” as the “pattern the family adopts for…situations involving interpersonal socializing behavior both between family members and with people outside the family” (p. 152). Minuchin (1974) stated, “the clarity of boundaries within a family is a useful parameter for the evaluation of family functioning” (p. 54). “Boundaries” that are too strict, or rigid, keep family members emotionally distant from one another. “Boundaries” that are too diffuse, or almost nonexistent, do not allow family members enough emotional distance from one another. Both Olson (1993) and Minuchin (1974) stressed the importance of “coalitions.” This term refers to small groups, or subsystems, within the family that bond together. Examples of family coalitions include the marital couple, mother-daughters, and father sons. Both theorists agreed these coalitions are healthy as long as members do not become unable to mingle with other family members or gang up on other family members. Theories implied that family cohesion is important to the well-being of the offspring. Therefore, it was hypothesized that lower family cohesion would result in more adolescent behavior problems.

1.2            Statement of the Problem

Every year, thousands of people migrate for employment in foreign countries so that they can send extra money – remittances – to their home country. Previously, scholars have focused on the effects of remittances on the economic development of sending countries like Nigeria. However, the ways remittances influence smaller-scale institutions, such as the family, are seldom studied. Today, people migrate globally for several reasons, mainly because of enhanced economic prospects, for educational and training, for political refuge and also for other reasons. The total population of international migrants was estimated to be 175 million in 2000 (United Nations, 2002). Buch and others (2002) estimated the global amount of remittances was around $ 81 billion each year during the 1990s. Labor migration has become a major source of household income in many developing countries. While there is a lot of academic and policy attention to the linkage between international migration for work and the economic development of a specific country or community through remittances that result from this pattern of migration (Harris and Todaro, 1970; Zimmermann, 1992; Papademetrious and Martin, 1991), the influence of remittances on migrants‟ own family members who stay home is seldom explored. Do remittances bind family members together in mutual hope and pooling of resources to achieve common goals, or do they split families apart in ego-trips and inequality of resource distribution among individuals? How much of remittances go not for consumption and investment per se, but for the mitigation of the negative externalities of separation? Do families adjust to and embrace the transnational lifestyle or its permanent maladjustment more than the norm? Is the family unity – based on emotional attachment, intimacy, and priority of group over individual needs – survive spatial dispersion? The problem confronting this research therefore is to investigate the role of remittance on family cohesion.

1.3            Objective of the Study

1 To determine the nature and significance of remittance

2 To determine the nature of Family cohesion

3 To determine the role of remittance on family cohesion.

1.4            Research Questions

1 What is the nature of remittance?

2 What is the nature of family cohesion?

3 What is the role of remittance on family cohesion?

1.5            Significance of the Study

The study shall highlight the potential benefit and constraints associated with migration for foreign employment at the expense of the family as a framework of study to proffer policies and strategies to enhance family cohesion through remittances.

1.6            Statement of Hypothesis

1 Ho The level of remittances is low

   Hi The level of remittances is high

   2    Ho The level of family cohesion is low

         Hi The level of family cohesion is high

3      Ho The role of remittance on family cohesion is low

       Hi   The role of remittance on family cohesion is right

1.7            Scope  of the Study

The study is fundamentally on the appraisal of the role of remittance on family cohesion

1.8            Definition of Terms

REMITTANCE  DEFINED

A remittance is a transfer of money by a foreign worker to an individual in his or her home country. Money sent home by migrants

COHESION   DEFINED

Family cohesion is defined as the emotional bonding that family members have toward one another”

Coalitions. DEFINED”

This term refers to small groups, or subsystems, within the family that bond together. Examples of family coalitions include the marital couple, mother-daughters, and father sons.

“Boundaries DEFINED

Defined as “the rules defining who participates [in the family or small groups within the family] and how.

Behavior control DEFINED. Behavior control” is the “pattern the family adopts for…situations involving interpersonal socializing behavior both between family members and with people outside the family”

.

ROLE OF REMITTANCE ON FAMILY COHESION



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.ORG

Researchwap.org is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.org guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.org is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.org" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.