MODULATORY ROLE OF CABBAGE (Brassica Oleaceae) SUPPLEMENT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN ALLOXAN – INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RATS


MODULATORY ROLE OF CABBAGE (Brassica Oleaceae) SUPPLEMENT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN ALLOXAN – INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RATS  

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem affecting with more people in developing than developed countries. Insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs have remained the corner stone for the management of diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, apart from having a number of side effects, none of the oral synthetic hypoglycemic agents has been successful in maintaining euglycaemia. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus has gained recognition and recommendation by the World Health Organization especially in developing countries where access to the conventional treatment is expensive and not readily accessible. Various plants and plant extracts have been found to play an important role in the treatment of diabetes and these plants were believed to have hypoglycemic properties. Cabbage is one of such medicinal plants, whose therapeutic application has a folkloric background. The plant enjoys widespread reputation as a remedy for various ailments. Most of the research work done on cabbage has been on extract. Hence, a scientific verification of its use as a supplement in food would be important in establishing a pharmacological basis for some of the claimed ethnomedicinal uses of the plant. This scientific verification forms the basis of the present investigation using animal models. The aim of the study is to determine the modulatory role of cabbage supplement on blood glucose levels and some physiological parameters in alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. While the objectives were to determine the effects of cabbage on serum glucose levels, to determine the effects of cabbage on lipid profile and also to determine the effects of cabbage on serum liver enzymes activities on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats respectively. The study was designed to investigate the effect of cabbage supplement on blood glucose, lipid profile and serum liver enzymes on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. A total of twenty five Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 100 – 150 g were used. They were randomly allocated into five groups of five rats (n = 5 rats/group). Group one were diabetic rats given distilled water and served as the negative control. Group two were diabetic rats that received 5 mg/kg b/w of glibenclamide orally and served as positive control. While, groups three, four and five were diabetic rats that received 10, 25 and 50% cabbage supplement, respectively. All groups were treated for thirty days. Blood glucose and some physiological parameters including lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were measured in all rats. Blood glucose level was significantly (p< 0.05) reduced in treated diabetic rats in comparison to the diabetic control rats. In addition, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly decreased (p

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Diabetes is a disease which affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fat due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion with or without varying degree of insulin resistance (Asadujjaman et al., 2011). The number of individuals with diabetes has been increasing due to population growth, aging, urbanization, and increasing prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity (Sarah et al., 2004). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the diabetic population to increase up to 300 million or more by the year 2025 (Patel et al., 2012). The most important distinctive feature of diabetes is an elevated blood glucose concentration, but this abnormality is just one of a number of biochemical and physiological changes that occur (Olaitan, 2012). Hypercholesterolemia and hyper triglyceridemia are common complications of diabetes mellitus (Akhtar et al., 2007). The treatment of diabetes mainly involves the use of hypoglycaemic drugs in addition to insulin but the unwanted side effects of these drugs prompted a demand for new compounds for the treatment of diabetes (Asadujjaman et al., 2011). The drive for change from orthodox to herbal medicines is to an extent due to the adverse reactions, undesirable side effects of synthetic drugs, the cost of buying modern antidiabetic drugs, which is beyond the reach of the lower class citizens and the belief that natural products are safer to the biological systems (Mohammed et al., 2007). It has now become necessary to search for new compounds in order to overcome these problems, and several traditional medicines are now used to manage diabetes mellitus in different societies all over the continents (Raju et al., 2011).

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is locally called Kabeji in Hausa language and Akojopo or Jaleji in Yoruba language. It is an important vegetable crop of the Brassicaceae family consumed all

over the world. It is popular probably due to its low price and availability at local markets, richness in phytochemicals such as polyphenolics, glucosinolates, carotenoids, and vitamin C. It has demonstrated antioxidant, anticancer and potential anti-obesity properties (Dunja et al., 2013). It consists of a wide range of important vegetable and fodder crops which are excellent sources of fibers that help prevents constipation, reduces the risk of colorectal cancer and helps to reduce blood sugar and blood cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of heart disease and diabetes (Puddephat et al,1996; Enas and Atif 2010). Ethanolic extract of cabbage, has demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity which justifies its use as a hepato protective agent as a result of the presence of biologically active phytoconstituents (Subramanian, 2011).

Statement of Research Problem

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem which affects an estimated population of 135 million in 1995 and the number being expected to rise to about 300 million in the year 2025 with more people in developing than developed countries (Baltazar et al., 2004). Insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs such as sulfonylureas and biguanides have remained the corner stone for the management of diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, apart from having a number of side effects, none of the oral synthetic hypoglycemic agents has been successful in maintaining euglycaemia. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of diabetes mellitus has gained recognition and recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO), especially in developing countries where access to the conventional treatment are expensive and not readily accessible (Akhtar, 2007).

Justification

More than four hundred different plant and plant extracts have been found to play an important role in the treatment of diabetes and most of these plants were believed to have hypoglycaemic properties (Bailey and Caroline, 1989). Cabbage is one of such medicinal plants, whose therapeutic application has a folkloric background. The plant enjoys widespread reputation as a remedy for peptic ulcer disease, hypocholeterolaemic, anti-cancer, antimicrobial and anti- inflammatory properties (Sathya, 2012). Most of the research work done on cabbage has been on extract. Hence a scientific verification of its use as a supplement in food would be important in establishing a pharmacological basis for some of the claimed ethnomedicinal uses of the plant. This scientific verification forms the basis of the present investigation using animal models.

Research Hypothesis

1. Cabbage supplement have no effect on blood glucose level and some physiological profiles on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats.

General Aim

To determine the modulatory role of cabbage supplement on blood glucose lipid profile and liver enzymes activities on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats.

Objectives of the Study

1. Determine the effects of cabbage supplement on serum glucose levels on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats.

2. Determine the effects cabbage supplement on lipid profile namely; total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and total triglycerides on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats.

3. To determine the effects of cabbage supplement on serum liver enzymes activities: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferse (AST) and alkaline aminotransferase (ALP) on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats.

.

MODULATORY ROLE OF CABBAGE (Brassica Oleaceae) SUPPLEMENT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN ALLOXAN – INDUCED DIABETIC WISTAR RATS



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.ORG

Researchwap.org is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.org guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.org is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.org" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.