ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine The Influence of Nollywood Movies on Behavioral Pattern of Students Bayero University, Kano State. It adopted the Survey method with the questionnaire as its instrument of data collection. The study population was made up of the students at Bayero University, Kano State. Using Taro Yamani’s formula as its sampling technique, a sample size of 150 respondents were drawn from the population. The study found out that Nollywood movies do have a negative influence on students and that not all Nollywood movies are good for student’s consumption among other films. The study, therefore, recommended that the producers need ethical re-orientation through creating awareness, conferences, and seminars on the type of the films they produce. It is advisable that the National Film and Video Censor Board (NFVCB) and other regulatory agencies continue to review the educational curriculum of movie training institutes in the country and the emphasis should be on the promotion of movies that are educative and morally inclined. Also, that school management, government, parents, educational psychologists, teachers and even religious organizations should organize symposia, seminars, and conferences for the students regularly to create awareness on the influence of Nollywood movies (negative themes) on our youths.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The British colony brought the ideology of film into Nigeria in the 1900s, they brought this medium in due to the selfish propaganda they had on the African continent. But this was used by the church in those days to disseminate the good news of Jesus Christ. The British Colonial administration used filmmaking as a medium to communicate ideas and concepts that cannot be understood by mere words or speech. They used film to encourage and push the Nigerian people to see and accept the phenomenon of Christianity, education, and cultural norm and values of the British culture (Nnabuko & Anatsui, 2012; pg 1).
However, on the dawn of August 12, 1903, the first wobbling picture was displayed on Nigerian soil at the Glover Memorial Hall in Lagos under the Management of Herbert Macaulay who between those times closed down the cinemas and went to West Africa to continue to run the business (Nnabuko & Anatsui, 2012; pg 1). After he left the soil on Nigerian Stanley Jones opened up the film showing business in the same location in November 1903. This where the incident birthed the Nigeria Home movie industry is now referred to as Nollywood.
Nollywood is an indigenous film tradition and industry that write and make movies that display the African culture and values based on our geographical settings and location. The idea started in the late 1980s in Nigeria but has spread its tentacles to be a source of wealth-creation mechanism, employment opportunity base, and provision of safety for the Nigerian youth. The Nollywood industry was birthed due to the happenings of the first film show in Lagos and it takes and has taken all its routine from Hollywood and Bollywood. The idea of Nollywood was introduced by Ayorinde and Okafor which were formally referred to as Babatunde Adeluis (Adamson). The Nollywood industry has become large to the extent that the stage performances and cine film production has become obsolete (Omoera, Edemode & Aihevba, 2017).
The influential propensity of Nollywood movies has become a bane for investigation for various scholars such as (Ozioruva & Aliu, 2013: Onokoome, 2007). The function of Nollywood movies being informative, educative and inducing cultural norms and values are no more effective, due to the globalization ideology that has overruled the cultural beliefs and value which the movies are expected to pass to the audience. The cultural and moral norms that the movies express have now been taken over with nudity, promiscuity, vulgarism, sex, and violence displays which leave the youth most especially on the negative consequence. Vasan (2010, 9-11) depicts that social scholars are now concerned about the negative effect of visuals on the behavioral patterns and attitudes of the young and youths in an economy. The wrong information theme of Hollywood movies has created apprehension about sex and violence information that the youth are been exposed to which are evidenced in unsafe sex, alcohol use, and violence. Uwakwe (2010; p 161) depicted that viewers are very likely to emulate models of dressing, acts, and posture they see from the media and exhibit such gratification seen from another person. Different studies have continually given the understanding that it has the capacity to influence the behavioral pattern of the audience when they expose themselves to it consciously or unconsciously.
Nnaji, (2011; pg 275-290) also depicted that heavy television viewing, no doubt, distorts our perception of the world we live in, making it seem more like „a utopian world‟. In other words, it is assumed, as studies have revealed, that heavy viewers of movies with sexual activities will have a greater tendency to get involved in sexual activities in the real-life situation. Dramatic movies that are full of kidnapping will not only attract viewers but have the power to fuel an exaggerated fear of violence in the mind of children and young adults. Movies with violence, aggression, and murder have the power to frighten viewers and at the same time make them believe in and, or cultivate the habit of violence, aggression, and murder. No doubt, media violence produces violent behavior among young adults, and sexually arousing movies will encourage promiscuity.
Nollywood movies induce a positive and negative effect on the general moral standard of the youth in any location or society. The emergence of home video and Nollywood movies had influenced the cultural value, religious doctrine, and economic growth of the youth in the country. The movies produced have also influenced the educational status of the children and overall youth. The Nollywood movies have affected the habits and belief system of the youth. Taking about the positive impact of Nollywood movies on the youths. One can depict that Nollywood movies have encouraged and aided to improve the cultural heritage of the youth which was not communicated when the use of film started by the colonial masters (Elegbe & Salako, 2014). Amodu (2011;160), depicts that despite the negative norms Nollywood movies have promoted that Nollywood movies have improved the social reformation status of the society by reminding their audience of the various components of being a typical Nigerian citizen. Despite the taboos unleashed on Nollywood movies, the movies have aided to improve the awareness of historical facts.
Based on the above justification of Nollywood movies and its effect on society this study intends to add to the compendium of knowledge by investigating the influence of Nollywood movies on the behavioral patterns of students of Bayero University.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Nollywood movies have been accused of been portrayal of violence, and its adverse effect on the behaviors of Nigerian youths and the society at large are devastating. Nnabuko & Anatsui, (2012) contends that some violent materials in movies include: Sex scenes, nudity, obscenity, vulgar language, curses, indecent dresses, killings, murder, rape beating up women, smoking, molestation, and harassment. It is obvious that Nollywood to a very large extent contributes to violence in Nigeria, due to the intrinsic manipulative tendencies that are inherent in movies that have different social vices displayed on the screen to meet a particular end is exhibited by the youth who thinks it has no negative consequence on their lives at the holistic end. . A worrisome aspect of these films is that none of the film-makers actively canvas for the discouragement of the negative tendencies acted out on the screen. And the failure by movie producers to make any strong comment against social ills is a shortcoming of the films that use violence in their messages. The implication is that such films rather than ameliorant violent acts in society tend to aggravate them (Fehintola & Audu, 2012).
However, it is sad to say that some Nigerian movies have grown from bad to worse, more especially on the part of those that portray sex, pornography, promiscuity, romance, and vulgarity. This is indeed becoming and, or leading to a negative influence, and contributing to a number of anti-social behaviors among children and young adults. Due to the influence of movies on the behavior of the audience that watch the movies. (Akpabio, 2007; Anyiam-Osigwe, 2001; Esan, 2008) mirrored out that viewing has an effect on the conscious and unconscious pattern of attitude and perception of people and most especially the children and youth. Youth and Children and tend to draw violent and aggressive acts from the movies they get exposed to either Hollywood or foreign movies. They are harmed to the effect of displaying aggressive and violent acts in school and other social gatherings. Also, various criminal acts like kicking, bullying, and raping are the aftermath of exposure to movies.
1.3 Aim and Objective of the Study
The study aim at examining the influence of Nollywood movies on the behavioral patterns of students of Bayero University Kano. The specific objectives include:
1. To investigate the level of student exposure to Nollywood movies
2. Examine the types of Nollywood movies viewed by a student at Bayero University Kano
3. Identify the factors responsible for their preferred content?
4. To determine the influence of Nollywood movies on the behavioral pattern of a student at Bayero University Kano
1.4 Research Question
1. To what extent are students at Bayero University exposed to Nollywood movies?
2. What type of contents of Nollywood movies do the students of Bayero University prefer?
3. What factors are responsible for their preferred content?
4. What is the influence of Nollywood movies on the behavior pattern of students of Bayero University?
1.5 Significance of the Study
The following stakeholders will benefit from the findings of the study. They include the Student Actors and Parents and Guardians.
The student will from the findings of the study be informed of the way to control themselves of the negative messages that Nollywood passes to the audience that views them and this will aid the student not to be influenced by the negative behavioral pattern that may be detrimental to the physical and emotional balance of the student.
The actors will from the findings of the study, be informed of the role they play in determining the course of the behavior of students that engage in watching their movies either it influences them positively or negatively.
Parents and Guardians will from the findings of the study are informed and control their children on the negative effect of exposing their ward to the surely negative view of the Nollywood movies that have the tendency to direct and re-sharpen the behavioral pattern of the children unconsciously.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study will use a descriptive research design. This study will focus on the influence of Nollywood movies on the Student at Bayero University Kano. The study sample size will be selected from Mass communication Student at Bayero University Kano. The study will use a well-constructed questionnaire to source the subjective opinion of the student on their views on the influence of Nollywood movies on their behavioral pattern.
1.7 Definition of Terms
Nollywood movies: These are indigenous movies that display the culture, norms, and beliefs of the African components.
Behavioral Patterns: This is the outcome of the intrinsic attitude of a person.
Students: This is an individual that absorb learning within the context of formal and informal settings.
University: a high-level educational institution in which students study for degrees and academic research is done.
Influence: the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of someone or something, or the effect itself.
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