COMPARISM OF USING TWO EDUCATIONAL MEDIA IN TEACHING AND LEARNING DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF FARM ANIMALS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ADAMAWA STATE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Education in the 21stcentury is the centre from which all changes and developments arise. Today information technology hasthe ability of facilitating the education and learning process. Information technology is referred to the knowledge process and its applying methods, processing, transferring and making information in progress. Information Technology includes gathering, organizing, storing, publishing and using the information in the form of sound, picture graphic, text, number, by using the computer and telecommunication tolls. Important changes resulting from Information Technology, has become the source of basic changes in secondary schools in Adamawa State. The most important changes have roots in this fact that technology has enabled students to accent the out-of-class information and this has caused the increase of their motivations for learning. Information Technology has affected changed to the methods, purpose and perceived potential of education. Research has revealed that teaching using media can extend the opportunities for learning far greater than chalk and talk (Obanya, 1985; Campbell & Dlamini, 1994). It can provide necessary educational information whenneeded.
Incomparism, using the two educational media or technology in teaching and learning digestive system of farm animals, the two educational media or information technology (Power point presentation and Instructional Video technology) plays a significant roles in teaching and learning in our secondary schools in Adamawa State.PowerPoint is part of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT). It is an application program of presentation. It consists of slides, allowing the user to present messages (Asogwa, 2011). Information prepared on a computer could be better projected for larger audience using a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or DLP projector. PowerPoint presentation could be used in the classroom for supporting student learning by combining computer and projector to display slides for illustrating a lesson. Potentials of PowerPoint include: its ability to do spell check, allowing the user to add, correct, make changes to the lessons, and finally use printout materials for students’ personal use (Teachnology.com, 2007). PowerPoint gives the user the opportunity to incorporate visual and auditory aspects to a presentation.Jkl,kl, It permit variety of manipulations by editing or text modification, removal of existing slides and addition of new slides to make lesson more organized and flexible. PowerPoint presentations can be regarded as a good instructional medium and a key for facilitating an effective teaching and learning process. It would therefore not be out of place to explore such instructional medium in the field of Technical Drawing of Basic Technology at Junior Secondary Level.
On the other hand, the Instructional Video technology or Educational videos have become an important part of teaching and learning, providing an important content-delivery tool in many flipped, blended, and online classes. Effective use of video as an educational tool is enhanced when instructors consider three elements: how to manage cognitive load of the video; how to maximize student engagement with the video; and how to promote active learning from the video. This essay reviews literature relevant to each of these principles and suggests practical ways instructors can use these principles when using video as an educational tool.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Most of Nigerian classrooms from pre-primary to tertiary institutions are dominated by chalkboards and marker-boards. The limitations of these types of instructional delivery mode include: ineffectiveness for very large group instruction; inability to allow information storage for future use; inability to accommodate illustrations to support the teaching; health hazard for teachers from chalk particles; it makes learning uninteresting, among other. This is why governments, institutions and managements emphasize the need for a practically oriented technical education curriculum and the need also to provide effective media for teaching and learning technical subjects in Nigerian schools. To improve student achievement in technology related subjects in Nigeria, it is necessary to have a paradigm shift and join the developed world in embracing constructivist approach to teaching and learning. Such approach should be used in the country’s educational system beginning from the basic school level up to the university. The use of Power point presentation and Instructional Video technology for teaching and learning is one of the right directions to achieve such shift.
1.3 Purpose of the study
The primary objective of this research is to compare two educational media (Power point presentation and Instructional video technology) in teaching and learningdigestive system of farm animals in secondary schools. Specific objectives include;
i. To know whether there are adequate and functioning educational media for teaching and learning digestive system of farm animals in secondary schools.
ii. To examine if power point presentation is better than instructional video technology in teaching and learning digestive system of farm animals in secondary schools.
iii. To identify the pros and cons for teachers and studentsin a predesigned Power Point presentation and Instructional video technology in teaching and learning.
1.4 Research Questions
i. Are there adequate and functioning educational media for teaching and learning digestive system of farm animals in secondary schools?
ii. Is power point presentation better than instructional video technology in teaching and learning digestive system of farm animals in secondary schools?
iii. Are there pros and cons for teachers and studentsin a predesigned Power Point presentation and Instructional video technology in teaching and learning?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
H01: There are no adequate and functioning educational media for teaching and learning digestive system of farm animals in secondary schools.
H02: Power point presentation is not better than instructional video technology in teaching and learning digestive system of farm animals in secondary schools
H03:There are no pros and cons for teachers and students in a predesigned Power Point presentation and Instructional video technology in teaching and learning.
1.6 Significance of the Study
It is hoped that the findings from this study would help the following:allows teachers to create an exciting way to educate students, encourages development of new teaching methods, has the potential to lower textbook and tuition prices, promotes independent learning in students and prepares students for the future. And it is hoped that it would help both teachers and students in the comparison of the two educational media in teaching and learningmedia in teaching and learning of not only the digestive system of farm animals but in general teaching and learning in secondary Schools in Adamawa State.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The comparison of using two educational media was restricted to ten Secondary Schools in Adamawa State. The research is delimited to the using of two educational media, Power point presentation and Instructional Video technology in teaching and learning digestive system of farm animals in secondary Schools in Adamawa State.
1.8 Definition of Terms
Educational media: Theseare tools like the computer used by teachers to illustrate the learning processes. That is, the use of technology to improve education. It is defined as any additional material or gadgets used when using a particular method to make learning easy,effective and interesting.
Teaching: The process by which knowledge, skills and experiences are transferred from one person (teacher) to another (learner).
Learning: Is the process of acquiring new, or modifying existing, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines; there is also evidence for some kind of learning in some plants.
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